Irish Government Introduces Tax Cuts and Cost-of-Living Support in Pre Election Budget
The Republic of Ireland’s Finance Minister, Jack Chambers, has unveiled personal tax cuts and cost-of-living supports as part of a generous pre election budget. Speculation is mounting that the next general election could take place before Christmas.
Recent data indicates that Ireland is expected to run a €25 billion budget surplus this year, largely driven by a substantial tax windfall from Apple. Chambers announced that this surplus will be allocated to infrastructure investments, with detailed plans to be outlined early next year. He emphasized that the funds have "the capacity to be transformational" and will be directed toward addressing challenges in housing, energy, water, and transport infrastructure.
"Infrastructure is a key component of Ireland’s competitiveness, essential for businesses of all sizes and for attracting new foreign investment," Chambers stated.
The budget includes €8.3 billion in tax cuts and spending increases, along with an additional €2.2 billion in one-off cost-of-living supports. Chambers also projected that Ireland’s domestic economy would grow by 2.5% next year and by 3% the following year.
Sinn Féin’s finance spokesperson, Pearse Doherty, sharply criticized the government, accusing it of wasteful spending. According to Doherty, the budget fails to adequately address critical issues such as childcare, healthcare, and housing. "People see through the spin," he said, adding that the government’s role is not just to spend money but to deliver results. Doherty also pointed out that homeownership for young people has declined under Fine Gael’s leadership.
The coalition government has already faced scrutiny from the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council (IFAC), which warned that the proposed spending increases could lead to overheating the economy. The budget plans would increase public spending by 7%, surpassing the government's own limit of a 5% annual rise.
Although inflation in Ireland has dropped to below 2%, thanks to easing international energy prices, there are signs of localized inflation, particularly in sectors like hospitality. Ireland’s economy has shown resilience since the pandemic, with employment reaching record highs and the government benefiting from sustained corporate tax revenues. However, the country’s infrastructure has struggled to keep pace with economic growth, requiring significant investment, especially in areas like energy, water, and housing.
Sinn Féin has focused its attacks on the government’s record on housing, a major issue in Ireland. While the party has enjoyed strong polling numbers, recent months have seen a dip in support.
T. Jayasinghe is a Jadetimes news reporter covering Political News
Image Source : Xinhua/Ge Yinian
In 2023, China, with its 1.4 billion population, has emerged as the world's largest contributor to food waste, generating over 91 million tons of wasted food every year. This number shows several different and complex causes, from rapid urbanization and new consumer behavior to challenges in feeding 1.4 billion people. While food wastage is a global problem, the very real impact of this practice is multiplied manifold by reason of China's population size, thereby presenting a set of unique challenges and consequences to sustainability, food security, and environmental health.
Causes of Food Waste in China
There are quite a few contributors to the monstrous volume of food waste in China:
1. Urbanization and Economic Growth: During the past decades, there has been fast growth of the middle class in China. Increased wealth involves a rise in food intake, especially among urban dwellers desiring a greater variety and quality. Such rise in food consumption is reflected in the generation of food wastes, particularly in cities, with more dining out, over-ordering of food, and subsequent waste disposal of unconsumed portions.
2. Cultural Practices: In China, where it is often a kind of cultural expectation to order much more than what one needs, showing great hospitality requires excess of food. That tradition of excess, in tandem with preferences for fresh and aesthetically pleasing food, is responsible for how much food-uneaten in particular by restaurants and banquets-average households generate. This well-meant custom leads too frequently to overabundance that gets discarded.
3. Inefficiencies in Food Supply Chain: In addition to the growth of technologies and logistics, a lot of inefficiency still characterizes China's food supply chain. Huge volumes start from the farm to the table due to poor storage and transportation that contributes to food spoilage. These issues are particularly worse in rural areas, where infrastructure development lags behind those of urban areas.
4.Supermarket and Restaurant Waste: Restaurants and supermarkets are also amongst the top contributors to food waste generation in the country. Restaurants, especially in urban centers, end up preparing more meals than the demand could be, due to changing supply and demand rates. In similar fashion, supermarkets also discard good food for food cosmetic standards, date of expiry, and lack of efficient redistribution channels.
Image Source : Bio Cycle web
The Environmental Impact
Food wastage, therefore, made more than eight hundred million people-one out of every nine-suffer from hunger between the years 2014 and 2016. China's food waste is extremely harmful to the environment. It decays in landfills and produces huge amounts of methane, one of the most potent greenhouse gases. In a country battling air and water pollution, the environmental weight of food waste increases the complexity of reducing carbon emissions and meeting goals on sustainability. More importantly, the land, water, and energy used in producing this food, which ultimately gets wasted, go to waste, further depleting natural resources in already strained China.
Government Efforts towards Addressing the Issue
The food wastage policies put in place by the government have been enacted through various measures. Early in 2020, President Xi Jinping launched the "Clean Plate Campaign", which urged people to reduce the level of wastefulness, especially at social gatherings. This campaign has targeted restaurants regarding food serving, a reduction in over-ordering of food, and portion control. Although this campaign has gone a long way to raise the awareness of the people about food wastage, the cultural habits are quite deep-rooted to change.
In addition to these public awareness campaigns, China has pumped money into programs that improve the country's food distribution infrastructure. For instance, cold chain logistics-training personnel in designing technology for the refrigerated transportation and storage of perishable products-can minimize food spoilage while being transported. Scaling these and other programs could help reduce food waste at the consumer and production levels.
Comparisons Abroad
While food waste numbers are overwhelming in China, it should also be noted that food wastage is indeed a global problem, ranging from the developed to the developing world. For instance, the United States wastes close to 40 million tons of food in a year, and India, another populous country, also faces immense food waste challenges, though accurate figures might be difficult to come by. However, with China holding the position of the largest contributor to food waste by volume in the world, the position entails that a solution has got to do with finding solutions that address both the local and systemic factors.
The Way Forward
Food waste in China is an issue that requires multiple sides: consumer habits need to be changed, food storage and distribution systems improved, and businesses must be encouraged to adopt more environmentally friendly practices. While China's Clean Plate Campaign is a step in the right direction, its long-term success will depend on sustained public education and progress of technology along with more stringent policies both at the local and national levels.
This gives China a key role in the global food waste scenario. With the largest population and one of the biggest food production chains around the world, any efforts at reducing food waste might create long-lasting effects on global sustainability. In case of success, China can play an important role in serving as an example for other countries-to come that even a heavily populated nation can stride in the right direction towards reducing its ecological footprint by making conscious efforts at reducing wastage.
In 2023, China leads in the greatest volumes of food wasted annually: over 91 million tons. While overwhelming, the situation is gradually improving, as government campaigns and technological advancements are in place to reduce waste. Yet, much more has to be done to overcome the reasons that create cultural norms, supply chain inefficiencies, and consumer behaviors that contribute to such massive food wastage. As China works on the problem continuously, its solutions could provide good models for other countries facing this same problem of global food waste.
C. Janith is a Jadetimes news reporter covering science and geopolitics.
Image Source: REUTERS/Gleb Garanich
A September 21, 2024 article published in The Spectator written by former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson titled, “It’s time to let Ukraine join NATO,” attempts to formulate a theory of victory for Ukraine as war with Russia continues to grind on.
Johnson provides a “three-fold plan for Ukrainian victory.”
Johnson demands that the collective West “end the delays” and that the West “get it done and get it won.” By this, he means lifting all restrictions on the use of Western long-range weapons on pre-2014 Russian territory.
Next, he demands the US and Europe provide a “package of loans on the scale of Lend-Lease: half a trillion dollars,” or “even a trillion.” Johnson claims such support will send a message to the Kremlin that, “we are going to out-gun you financially and back Ukraine on a scale you cannot hope to match.”
Finally, he demands Ukraine be allowed membership into NATO immediately, even as the conflict rages on. In respect to NATO’s Article 5 regarding “collective defense,” Johnson proposes that:
…we could extend the Article 5 security guarantee to all the Ukrainian territory currently controlled by Ukraine (or at the end of this fighting season), while reaffirming the absolute right of the Ukrainians to the whole of their 1991 nation. We could protect most of Ukraine, while simultaneously supporting the Ukrainian right to recapture the rest.
While Johnson points out the political implications of this policy, meaning all of NATO would, “have to commit to the defence of that Ukrainian territory,” he falls far short of considering the practical implications.
NATO Intervention in Ukraine: Political vs. Practical Considerations
Far from a lack of political will or financial resources, the collective West has fallen short supplying Ukraine with the military equipment, vehicles, weapons, and ammunition required to match or exceed Russian military capabilities because its collective military industrial base itself is incapable of physically producing the quantities required, regardless of the money allotted to do so.
Military industrial production requires several fundamental factors in order to be expanded – financial resources being only one of many. Expanding production also requires the physical enlargement of existing facilities, the building of new facilities, the expansion of trained workforces which includes reforming and expanding primary, secondary, and specialized education, as well as the expansion of downstream suppliers and the acquisition of additional raw materials required for production across the entire industrial base.
Any one of these measures could take years to implement. Implementing them all would take longer still.
Then there is the very structure of the collective West’s military industrial base. Consisting of corporations prioritizing the maximization of profits, not performance, the collective West’s military industrial base has for years focused on low quantities of highly-sophisticated (and very expensive) weapons systems and munitions.
For the duration of the so-called “Global War on Terror” these weapon systems were adequate, if inefficient. They enabled US-led forces to roll over the antiquated, poorly-trained, poorly-equipped Iraqi army in 1991 and again in 2003, as well as the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001. Such weapon systems also proved effective in the destruction of Libya in 2011.
But as the global balance of military and economic power has shifted throughout the 21st century, limits to this military industrial approach became apparent. In 2006, Israel’s vast Western-backed military machine categorically failed in its invasion of southern Lebanon, confounded by Hezbollah leveraging modern anti-tank weapons.
The US intervention in Syria from 2011 to present day also revealed the growing limitations of expensive Western military hardware, with 100s of cruise missiles fired at targets across Syria with limited success due to vastly better air and missile defenses than previous US adversaries possessed.
The Western media now admits waning US military support for Ukraine stems from dwindling stockpiles and an inability to quickly expand production.
CNN in its September 17, 2024 article titled, “US military aid packages to Ukraine shrink amid concerns over Pentagon stockpiles,” would admit:
US military aid packages for Ukraine have been smaller in recent months, as the stockpiles of weapons and equipment that the Pentagon is willing to send Kyiv from its own inventory have dwindled. The shift comes amid concerns about US military readiness being impacted as US arms manufacturers play catchup to the huge demand created by the war against Russia.
Nothing took place between September 17, 2024 when CNN published this report and September 21, 2024 when The Speculator published Boris Johnson’s article to change this reality. Johnson simply chose to ignore it.
NATO committing to the defense of Ukrainian-held territory would require sufficient quantities of artillery, armor, air and missile defense systems, and trained manpower – all of which the collective West, not just Ukraine, has in short supply.
In many ways, the collective West is already waging war against Russian forces. Western personnel have already been operating in Ukraine since 2014 and have continued to do so throughout Russia’s Special Military Operation (SMO) from 2022 onward. Russia has not hesitated to target and destroy Western equipment or the Western personnel operating it, though Russia has managed escalation very carefully in the process.
Were NATO to more openly intervene in what is already a NATO proxy war against Russia, Russian forces would likely continue targeting all of Ukraine’s territory while continuing to manage escalation carefully. NATO itself could escalate, using its long-range missiles and air power against Russian forces both within Ukraine and within pre-2014 Russian borders, but this would present two major problems.
First, if the West is already out of long-range weapons to transfer to Ukraine, its stockpiles having dwindled to critical levels, and having failed to expand production to reconstitute to them should any contingency of any kind fully deplete them, a more direct role in Ukraine would consume what arms and ammunition the West has left with no means of replacing them in the near-term.
Second, whatever impact the collective West imagines using the remnants of its arms and ammunition on Russia directly will have, it will leave the West far short of any material capabilities to conduct large scale war anywhere else in the world, including in the Middle East against Iran and its allies and across the Asia-Pacific region against China – two areas of concern Johnson himself mentions in his article.
Boris Johnson claims:
If you are truly worried about ‘escalation’, then imagine what happens if Ukraine loses this war – because that is when things really would begin to escalate. Ukraine won’t lose but if it did, we would have the risk of escalation across the whole periphery of the former Soviet empire, including the border with Poland, wherever Putin thought that aggression would pay off.
We would probably see escalation in the South China seas and in the Middle East. We would see a general escalation of global tension and violence because a Ukrainian defeat, and a victory for Putin, would be not only a tragedy for a young, brave and beautiful country; it would mean the global collapse of western credibility.
What Johnson means by “western credibility,” is Western primacy. By “escalation in the South China seas and in the Middle East,” Johnson means regional players displacing unwarranted US-led occupation and interference. Johnson’s plan to commit the West’s waning military power to Ukraine means forfeiting the means to cling to primacy elsewhere around the globe.
Johnson’s plan to incorporate Ukraine into NATO would not be a master stroke up-ending Russia’s escalation dominance, it would be the forfeiture of NATO’s own escalatory leverage regarding Article 5. Success for NATO would depend entirely on Russia failing to call the West’s bluff and avoiding the targeting of Ukrainian territory once NATO intervenes directly.
A very similar strategy was used in Syria by the United States as a means to reverse the flagging fortunes of its proxies there. The US, instead, at most managed to create a stalemate. Over the past nearly 10 years the US has occupied eastern Syria, its position in Syria as well as in the rest of the region has waned.
Part of this stems from the US’ inability to field a large enough military force, armed with sufficient numbers of arms and munitions. US air and missile defense systems in particular are in short supply and have opened up US forces in Syria and Iraq to regular drone, rocket, and missile strikes, compromising US military supremacy in the region.
By stretching US and European military power out even thinner by committing large numbers of troops and equipment to a direct intervention in Ukraine only means accelerating the decline of US-led Western primacy around the globe even faster.
Johnson’s plan to “save” Ukraine is borne of desperation, predicated on either a poor understanding of the fundamental factors required for its success, or deliberately ignoring these factors.
It is also a plan born of a lack of imagination. For Boris Johnson and the Western special interests he represents, the only possible future for humanity is one dominated by the West, just as it has done for the past several centuries.
The ultimate irony, however, is Johnson’s mention of a “Soviet empire” he claims Russian President Vladimir Putin is intent on rebuilding. At one point, Johnson claims:
The message is: that’s it. It’s over. You don’t have an empire anymore. You don’t have a ‘near abroad’ or a ‘sphere of influence’. You don’t have the right to tell the Ukrainians what to do, any more than we British have the right to tell our former colonies what to do. It is time for Putin to understand that Russia can have a happy and glorious future, but that like Rome and like Britain, the Russians have decisively joined the ranks of the post-imperial powers, and a good thing, too.
Yet, the conflict in Ukraine stems directly from NATO expansion toward Russia’s borders. It was never a matter of Russia telling Ukraine what to do – it was always a matter of the US politically capturing Ukraine in 2014 and transforming it into a national security threat to Russia from 2014 onward.
Russia is responding to the expansion of a modern-day empire – not in any sort of effort to create its own empire. The empire Russia opposes in Ukraine is the same empire Johnson fears will be challenged in the Middle East and the South China Sea should its proxy war fail in Ukraine. While Johnson accuses Russia of being out of touch with reality regarding imagined imperial ambitions in Moscow, his plan reflects very real delusions associated with a desperate desire to perpetuate the US-led “international order” the UK itself is so deeply invested in.
Boris Johnson’s attempt to build policy regarding the West’s proxy war in Ukraine without a sufficient foundation is a recipe for disaster – the same sort of disaster this proxy war in Ukraine has precipitated that Johnson’s desperate plans are meant to address in the first place.
