W. Waweru is a Jadetimes News Reporter Covering Sports & America News
Image Source: Spectrum News
Boston, Massachusetts — Worcester native and former St. John’s baseball Brian Abraham had an all-consuming job in the Boston Red Sox, he became Senior Director of Player Development on January 25. However, when you review the aspect Roman Anthony and Kristian Campbell are some the highest rated in the entire of baseball.
Abraham’s fingerprints do exist. And the considerably provides him joy and pride, lately the Red Sox gave some of their head prospects at Fenway Park along with their Rookie Development Program, for Abraham, it meant spring training right immediately.
“Yeah the Rookie Development Program is always a time when you turn the calendar over, guys getting ready for the spring, guys getting ready for the season,” said Abraham. “It’s an opportunity for them to see Boston, to see the fans, be a part of the community, and really feel what it’s like to be a big leaguer.”
And as long for the highest ranking that would be suitable for Anthony and Campbell, “Incredibly exciting, I think it’s a testament to the work they’ve put in, the time they spend in the cages, the time they spend in the weight room, we’re here to support them along their journey.”
Adv. M. Bansal is an Advocate and a Jadetimes News Reporter covering legal news
Image Source: AI Generated | The image beautifully captures the essence of ADR in India, featuring an iconic courthouse alongside modern ADR symbols such as mediation tables and the scales of justice. The foreground highlights a scroll inscribed with "Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996," representing the legal foundation. Subtle infusions of the Indian tricolor add vibrancy and a sense of national pride, while the overall design conveys professionalism and optimism about ADR's role in the legal system.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has become an indispensable part of India’s legal landscape, offering a faster and more efficient route for resolving disputes. Central to its success is the robust legal framework that governs ADR processes. This article delves into the key statutes and provisions that provide the foundation for ADR in India, with a particular focus on the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, relevant provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908, and their connection to global ADR standards.
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 is the cornerstone of India’s ADR framework. Modeled on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, the Act aligns India’s arbitration practices with global standards, ensuring uniformity and credibility in dispute resolution. Key features of the Act include:
1. Arbitration
Part I: Governs domestic arbitration in India, emphasizing minimal judicial intervention and party autonomy.
Sections 7-9: Define the arbitration agreement and the procedure for seeking interim reliefs.
Section 34: Provides limited grounds for challenging arbitral awards, ensuring finality and efficiency in arbitration outcomes.
2. Conciliation
Part III: Deals with conciliation, a voluntary process where parties appoint a conciliator to assist in reaching a mutually agreeable settlement.
Sections 61-81: Outline the process of conciliation, ensuring confidentiality and enforceability of settlement agreements.
3. Recognition of Foreign Awards
Part II: Incorporates provisions for the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards under the New York Convention and the Geneva Convention, bolstering India’s credibility in international arbitration.
Provisions in the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908
The Code of Civil Procedure further strengthens ADR’s role by mandating courts to encourage out-of-court settlements. Significant provisions include:
Section 89: Mandates courts to refer disputes to ADR mechanisms such as arbitration, mediation, conciliation, or Lok Adalats when possible.
Order X, Rule 1A-1C: Directs courts to explore ADR options at the pre-trial stage, ensuring disputes are resolved efficiently.
These provisions underline the judiciary’s proactive approach in promoting ADR to reduce the burden on courts and expedite dispute resolution.
Lok Adalats: The People’s Courts
Established under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, Lok Adalats are a unique feature of India’s ADR system. They aim to resolve disputes amicably, especially in cases involving:
Matrimonial disputes
Property disputes
Financial recovery matters
Motor vehicle accident claims
Awards passed by Lok Adalats hold the same enforceability as a decree of a civil court and are final and binding, with no provision for appeal.
Global Frameworks and India’s Integration
India’s ADR framework reflects its commitment to global standards. The incorporation of the UNCITRAL Model Law ensures that arbitration practices in India align with international norms. Moreover, India’s participation in the New York Convention facilitates the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, making it an attractive destination for international arbitration.
Key Global ADR Institutions Influencing India
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)
Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC)
These institutions have set benchmarks for arbitration practices worldwide, and their influence is evident in the evolution of ADR in India.
Landmark Judicial Decisions
The Indian judiciary has played a pivotal role in shaping ADR by interpreting and refining its provisions. Notable cases include:
Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. v. Cherian Varkey Construction Co. (2010): Emphasized the mandatory referral of cases to ADR mechanisms under Section 89 of the CPC.
Bharat Aluminum Co. v. Kaiser Aluminum Technical Services Inc. (2012): Limited the scope of judicial interference in international arbitration.
Vidya Drolia v. Durga Trading Corporation (2020): Reinforced the principle of party autonomy and clarified arbitrability of disputes.
The legal framework for ADR in India is a testament to the country’s commitment to fostering efficient, cost-effective, and globally relevant dispute resolution mechanisms. By harmonizing domestic laws with international standards, India has positioned itself as a key player in the global ADR landscape. As awareness and acceptance of ADR grow, the legal framework will continue to evolve, ensuring its relevance in addressing the complexities of modern disputes.
ADR is not just a legal mechanism; it’s a transformative approach that has the potential to revolutionize how disputes are resolved in India and beyond.
G. Mudalige is a Jadetimes news reporter covering Technology & Innovation
Image Source : Reuters
Researchers at Leeds Beckett University have developed a groundbreaking AI tool designed to predict and prevent mould growth in buildings before it becomes a problem. This innovative technology has the potential to revolutionize property maintenance, especially in addressing dampness and mould issues that plague millions of homes across England.
The AI system analyzes various building factors to identify areas prone to dampness and mould. By examining data such as building size and energy performance, the tool generates tailored recommendations for mitigating risks, enabling homeowners and landlords to take proactive measures. According to Dr. Jamiu Dauda, the lead researcher on the project, this technology could become an invaluable resource if it achieves commercial availability. "It’s like having an AI agent in your home, offering insights into whether mould is likely to develop or not," he explained.
Government estimates indicate that up to 6.5 million homes in England are affected by damp and mould, with social housing being particularly vulnerable. The urgency of addressing these issues gained national attention after the tragic death of two-year-old Awaab Ishak in 2020, which was attributed to mould exposure in his home. This incident led to the establishment of Awaab’s Law, mandating social housing landlords to investigate and resolve hazardous conditions promptly.
The AI tool, developed in collaboration with construction company BuildEco, is currently being used by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry. These companies are leveraging the technology to assess risks in buildings and implement preventative measures. Dr. Dauda highlighted that the tool is most effective when applied in social housing contexts, where mould prevention is critical.
The ultimate goal of the project is to make the technology widely accessible to landlords, tenants, and homeowners. Plans for a full-scale rollout involve integrating the AI system with smart meters, enabling automated data collection and real-time recommendations. This seamless integration would allow users to receive actionable insights into maintaining healthier indoor environments, preventing mould from taking hold.
The innovative nature of this AI solution not only addresses a significant public health concern but also represents a cost-effective approach to property maintenance. By preventing mould growth, landlords and homeowners can avoid costly repairs and potential health issues associated with prolonged exposure to damp environments. Moreover, this technology aligns with sustainability goals by promoting energy efficiency and reducing waste associated with building damage.
Dr. Dauda emphasized the transformative potential of this preventative tool, noting that it empowers individuals and organizations to act before mould becomes a visible or harmful issue. As SMEs continue to pilot the technology, its commercial viability and broader adoption appear promising.
With the prospect of widespread implementation, this AI innovation could mark a significant advancement in the housing sector, ensuring safer, healthier living conditions for millions of people. It underscores the power of technology to tackle pressing societal challenges and offers a glimpse into the future of smarter, data-driven home management solutions.
