Iruni Kalupahana Jadetimes Staff
I. Kalupahana is a Jadetimes news reporter covering Australia
Introduction
Canberra, which was established in 1913, is Australia's capital city and is located in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in the country's southeastern part. It is located approximately 150 miles southwest of Sydney and is Australia's largest inland city, with a population of 452,670 according to the 2021 census, which is 1.8% of the total population of the country. The city is situated between the Molonglo and Murrumbidgee Rivers, contrasting urban design with natural landscape.
Historical Background
The Canberra region has been inhabited by Indigenous Australians for over 21,000 years, predominantly by the Ngunnawal and Ngambri people. European exploration began in the early 19th century, and settlement began in the 1820s. The name "Canberra" is believed to be derived from a local Aboriginal name for "meeting place." Canberra was selected as the national capital in 1908 amidst competition between Melbourne and Sydney. An international design competition in 1911 led to the adoption of the design submitted by American architect Walter Burley Griffin, and construction started in 1913. The federal Parliament made Canberra its home from Melbourne in 1927.
Urban Planning
The architecture of Canberra reflects the garden city movement with expansive stretches of green and geometric shapes. The city is designed based on prominent landmarks such as Capital Hill, Black Mountain, and Mount Ainslie. Lake Burley Griffin, which is a man-made lake created in 1963, serves as a central axis, contributing to the scenic attraction of the city. The residential areas have extended to suburbs such as Belconnen, Tuggeranong, and Gungahlin, each of which has its own town center. The National Capital Authority manages urban planning, balancing the integrity of Griffin's original design with modern demands.
Government
Canberra, being Australia's political hub, is home to prominent federal institutions such as Parliament House, Government House, and the High Court of Australia. The city is home to numerous national cultural institutions, such as the Australian War Memorial, the National Gallery of Australia, the National Portrait Gallery, the National Library, the National Archives, the Australian Academy of Science, the National Film and Sound Archive, and the National Museum. Institutions like the Australian National University (ANU) and the Australian Defence Force Academy are to thank for Canberra's reputation as a centre for research and higher learning.
Economy and Livability
While the national government remains a significant employer, Canberra's economy has diversified into sectors like healthcare, education, technology, and tourism. The city consistently ranks among the world's most livable, with a high quality of life, low unemployment, and good infrastructure. As of the 2021 census, 32.5% of Canberra residents were born overseas, reflecting its multicultural society. The city's excellent academic and research institutions promote innovation, which also helps the economy grow.
Culture and Natural Attractions
Canberra has a full cultural calendar, featuring events like Floriade, the Southern Hemisphere's biggest flower festival, the National Multicultural Festival, and the Enlighten Festival, with light installations and performances. The city is surrounded by nature reserves, including the National Arboretum and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and nature observation. This harmony between natural beauty and urban refinement renders Canberra a unique and well-planned capital that embodies Australia's national heritage and character.
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