Iruni Kalupahana, JadeTimes Staff
I. Kalupahana is a Jadetimes news reporter covering Europe
A Symbol of Power and Strength
The Tower of London is England's most renowned landmark. Constructed on the north bank of the River Thames, it has existed as a royal fortress since the reign of William the Conqueror. Its construction started in 1066, shortly after his coronation, to consolidate power over London. The White Tower, the center keep, was completed in 1078 and served as the hub of a larger defensive complex. Additions over time included the inner and outer curtain walls and the surrounding moat, so that the Tower was a mighty fortress.
A Prison and Place of Execution
For many centuries, the Tower of London was not only a royal palace but also a dreaded prison. Most political prisoners came in via Traitors' Gate, sentenced to long terms of imprisonment or death. Many famous names, including Sir Thomas More, Anne Boleyn, and Lady Jane Grey, lost their lives within its confines. Even during World War I, spies were put to death at the Tower. The tragic loss of King Edward V and his younger brother in 1483 is still one of the Tower's greatest mysteries, making it even more sinister.
The Crown Jewels and Armouries repository
The Tower has also served for its essential role in safeguarding treasures of the British monarchy. The Crown Jewels were kept in the Jewel House underground until 1994 but are now displayed in a secure aboveground building. The Royal Armouries, containing weapons and armor from medieval times to modern warfare, were moved in part to a museum in Leeds in 1996. Nevertheless, the Tower remains a significant site for British heritage.
The Yeoman Warders
The Tower of London remains a living history site with the Yeoman Warders, more famously referred to as Beefeaters, residing there. These guards, clad in authentic Tudor attire, act as guides and defenders of the fortress. There's a renowned tradition that if the resident ravens ever depart the Tower, the monarchy and the kingdom will collapse. To avoid this, the wings of the ravens are clipped so that they stay within the grounds.
A UNESCO World Heritage Site
Today, the Tower of London is a top tourist attraction, drawing millions of people annually. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988 due to its historic past and cultural significance. The fortress stands in conjunction with Tower Bridge, another of London's most iconic landmarks, still an icon of British history and resilience.
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